{"id":26127,"date":"2026-06-29T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/?p=26127"},"modified":"2026-06-18T13:59:50","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T11:59:50","slug":"sl-vs-selfemployed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/sl-vs-selfemployed\/","title":{"rendered":"Setting up a company in Spain as a foreigner: SL versus self-employed"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26127\" class=\"elementor elementor-26127\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-466eac63 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"466eac63\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d6ee7af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2d6ee7af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5; padding: 24px 28px; margin: 0 0 32px 0;\"><h2 style=\"margin-top: 0;\">Setting up a company in Spain as a foreigner: The essentials<\/h2><ul><li>Anyone who wants to <strong>start a business in Spain as a foreigner<\/strong> can do so regardless of nationality, whether from the EU or outside the EU.<\/li><li>The two most common options are forming a <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/create-limited-company-in-spain\/\">Sociedad Limitada (SL)<\/a> or registering as self-employed (aut\u00f3nomo).<\/li><li>Every foreign shareholder and director requires a Spanish NIE before incorporation.<\/li><li>The minimum share capital for an SL is \u20ac1, although higher working capital is usually advisable.<\/li><li>The incorporation process typically takes between two and six weeks.<\/li><li>New companies may benefit from a reduced corporate tax rate of 15% during their first profitable years.<\/li><li>Choosing between an SL and self-employment depends on liability, tax efficiency, growth plans and administrative requirements.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><h2>Should you open an SL or an aut\u00f3nomo?<\/h2><p>Spain has become one of Europe&#8217;s most attractive destinations for entrepreneurs, investors and remote business owners. If you are looking to <strong>start a business in Spain as a foreigner<\/strong>, one of the first decisions you will need to make is whether to establish a Spanish limited company (Sociedad Limitada or SL) or operate as a <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/grants-for-self-employed-workers\/\">self-employed professional<\/a> (aut\u00f3nomo).<\/p><p>Both structures are available to foreign nationals, and each offers distinct advantages depending on the nature of your business, expected income, growth plans and tax situation.<\/p><p>This guide explains everything you need to know about how to <strong>start a business in Spain as a foreigner<\/strong>, compares an SL with self-employment and outlines the costs, requirements and <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/expats-in-spain\/\">tax implications<\/a> of each option.<\/p><h2>Can you start a business in Spain as a foreigner?<\/h2><p>Yes. There are no nationality restrictions on owning shares in or acting as a director of a Spanish company.<\/p><p>Whether you are an EU citizen, a UK national, an American entrepreneur or from another non-EU country, you can <strong>start a business in Spain as a foreigner<\/strong> without restriction.<\/p><p>The main practical requirement is obtaining a <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/relocating-uk-employees-to-spain\/\">Spanish NIE<\/a> (N\u00famero de Identidad de Extranjero), which serves as your tax identification number in Spain.<\/p><p>While non-residents can own and manage Spanish companies, non-EU nationals who wish to live in Spain while actively running their business will generally require an appropriate residence permit.<\/p><h2>Why many foreigners choose an SL when they start a business in Spain<\/h2><p>The Sociedad Limitada (SL) is Spain&#8217;s most popular company structure and is often the preferred choice for those who want to start a business in Spain as a foreigner.<\/p><p>An SL provides limited liability protection, meaning shareholders are generally only liable up to the amount invested in the company.<\/p><p>The structure is particularly attractive for entrepreneurs who expect to grow their business, hire employees, work with larger clients or bring in additional shareholders in the future.<\/p><p>An SL can have one shareholder or multiple shareholders, and neither the shareholders nor directors need to be Spanish nationals.<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26271 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/business-owner-spain-home-office-remote-work.webp\" alt=\"business owner in Spain\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/business-owner-spain-home-office-remote-work.webp 1280w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/business-owner-spain-home-office-remote-work-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/business-owner-spain-home-office-remote-work-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/business-owner-spain-home-office-remote-work-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p><h2>Requirements when you start a business in Spain as a foreigner<\/h2><p>Several formalities must be completed before incorporation:<\/p><ul><li>Obtain NIE numbers for shareholders and directors.<\/li><li>Reserve a company name with the Registro Mercantil Central.<\/li><li>Open a Spanish company bank account.<\/li><li>Deposit the share capital.<\/li><li>Prepare the company&#8217;s bylaws and incorporation deed.<\/li><li>Sign the incorporation documents before a Spanish notary.<\/li><li>Register for tax purposes and obtain the company <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/spanish-nif\/\">NIF<\/a>.<\/li><li>Register the company with the Mercantile Registry.<\/li><\/ul><p>Since Startup Law 28\/2022, the minimum share capital requirement has been reduced from \u20ac3,000 to \u20ac1, making it more accessible than ever to start a business in Spain as a foreigner.<\/p><h2>How to start a business in Spain as a foreigner: step by step<\/h2><ol><li><strong>Obtain NIE numbers.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Reserve the company name.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Open a business bank account.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Deposit share capital.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Prepare the incorporation deed and bylaws.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Execute the deed before a notary.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Obtain the company NIF.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Register with the Mercantile Registry.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Register for VAT, corporate tax and social security obligations.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><h2>Costs involved when you start a business in Spain as a foreigner<\/h2><table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 24px 0;\"><thead><tr style=\"background-color: #6e7d65; color: #ffffff;\"><th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px;\">Item<\/th><th style=\"text-align: left; padding: 12px;\">Approximate Cost<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Company name certificate<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u20ac15\u2013\u20ac20<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f9f9f9;\"><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Notary fees<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u20ac150\u2013\u20ac500<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Mercantile Registry fees<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u20ac100\u2013\u20ac300<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f9f9f9;\"><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Legal and advisory fees<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">\u20ac600\u2013\u20ac1,500+<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Minimum share capital<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">From \u20ac1<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f9f9f9;\"><td style=\"padding: 12px;\"><strong>Typical timeline<\/strong><\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px;\"><strong>2\u20136 weeks<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h2>Tax implications when you start a business in Spain as a foreigner<\/h2><p>An SL generally pays corporate income tax at 25%.<\/p><p>Newly established companies can benefit from a reduced 15% rate during their first profitable years, subject to eligibility requirements.<\/p><p>The company may also need to register for VAT (IVA), payroll taxes and social security contributions depending on its activities.<\/p><p>For entrepreneurs expecting substantial profits, choosing to start a business in Spain as a foreigner through an SL may provide tax planning opportunities that are unavailable to self-employed individuals.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26272 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/female-business-owner-spain-entrepreneur.webp\" alt=\"own a company in Spain\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/female-business-owner-spain-entrepreneur.webp 1280w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/female-business-owner-spain-entrepreneur-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/female-business-owner-spain-entrepreneur-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/female-business-owner-spain-entrepreneur-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p><h2>SL versus self-employed: which suits you best?<\/h2><p>One of the most important decisions when you start a business in Spain as a foreigner is choosing between an SL and self-employed status.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/portal.seg-social.gob.es\/wps\/portal\/importass\/importass\/Colectivos\/Trabajo+Autonomo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Registering as an aut\u00f3nomo<\/a> is generally simpler, faster and cheaper. It is often suitable for freelancers, consultants, digital nomads and professionals who work independently.<\/p><p>However, an SL may be the better option where business income is growing, liability protection is important or multiple owners are involved.<\/p><table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 24px 0;\"><thead><tr style=\"background-color: #6e7d65; color: #fff;\"><th style=\"padding: 12px; text-align: left;\">Factor<\/th><th style=\"padding: 12px; text-align: left;\">SL Company<\/th><th style=\"padding: 12px; text-align: left;\">Self-Employed (Aut\u00f3nomo)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Liability<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Limited<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Unlimited<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f9f9f9;\"><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Setup costs<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Higher<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Lower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Administration<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">More complex<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Simpler<\/td><\/tr><tr style=\"background-color: #f9f9f9;\"><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Hiring employees<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Ideal<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;\">Possible<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding: 12px;\">Growth potential<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px;\">High<\/td><td style=\"padding: 12px;\">Moderate<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Many entrepreneurs initially register as self-employed before transitioning to an SL as revenue and business complexity increase.<\/p><div style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5; padding: 24px 28px; margin: 40px 0 0 0;\"><h2 style=\"margin-top: 0;\">Speak to our commercial team about how to start a business in Spain as a foreigner<\/h2><p>Our Valencia team assists foreign entrepreneurs with every stage of company formation, from NIE applications and company name reservations to notarial incorporation, tax registration and ongoing compliance.<\/p><p><strong>Email:<\/strong> felix.delaguia@delaguialuzon.com<br \/><strong>Phone:<\/strong> +34 963 74 16 57<br \/><strong>Address:<\/strong> Avinguda Regne de Valencia, 6, 1\u00ba\u20132\u00ba, 46005 Valencia, Spain<\/p><\/div><h2>FAQs<\/h2><h4>Do I need to live in Spain to start a business here as a foreigner?<\/h4><p>No. Non-residents can own and manage Spanish companies, although non-EU nationals who wish to reside in Spain may need a <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/long-term-residence-in-spain\/\">suitable residence permit<\/a>.<\/p><h4>Can I really establish an SL with \u20ac1?<\/h4><p>Yes. The legal minimum capital is now \u20ac1, although many businesses choose to contribute more realistic working capital.<\/p><h4>Is it better to be self-employed or form an SL?<\/h4><p>This depends on your expected income, business risks, liability concerns and growth plans. 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Here&#8217;s what you need to know<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/apostille-sworn-translation-spain\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Apostille-and-sworn-translation-in-Spain.jpg\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"Apostille and sworn translation in Spain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Apostille-and-sworn-translation-in-Spain.jpg 795w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Apostille-and-sworn-translation-in-Spain-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Apostille-and-sworn-translation-in-Spain-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Apostille and sworn translation Spain: UK document guide 2026<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/self-employed-spain-reduce-your-taxes\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/self-employed-freelancer-spain.webp\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"self-employed in Spain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/self-employed-freelancer-spain.webp 1280w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/self-employed-freelancer-spain-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/self-employed-freelancer-spain-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/self-employed-freelancer-spain-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Self-employed in Spain: How to reduce your taxes legally in 2026<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/beckham-law-spanish-tax-regime\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Beckam_law.jpg\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"Beckham law\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Beckam_law.jpg 950w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Beckam_law-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/Beckam_law-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Beckham Law Spain 2026: complete tax-regime guide for foreign professionals<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/legal-structure-startup-in-spain\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/startup-in-spain.jpg\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"startup in spain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/startup-in-spain.jpg 795w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/startup-in-spain-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/startup-in-spain-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">How to choose the appropriate legal structure for a startup in Spain<\/span><\/a><\/div>                <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Sociedad Limitada (SL) is the standard company type for foreign entrepreneurs in Spain. This guide explains incorporation, the EUR1 minimum capital, costs, timeline and how a Spanish company is taxed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":26289,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mbp_gutenberg_autopost":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-creating-a-company"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26127"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":26288,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26127\/revisions\/26288"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26289"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}