{"id":26401,"date":"2026-07-03T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-03T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/?p=26401"},"modified":"2026-10-05T11:50:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-05T09:50:12","slug":"children-born-spain-to-foreign-parents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/children-born-spain-to-foreign-parents\/","title":{"rendered":"Children born in Spain to foreign parents: How Spanish nationality works"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"26401\" class=\"elementor elementor-26401\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-243d6291 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"243d6291\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e8ab382 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1e8ab382\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"background-color:#f5f7f5; padding:24px 28px; margin-bottom:32px; border-radius:6px;\"><h2 style=\"margin-top:0;\">Children born in Spain to foreign parents: Are they Spanish citizens?<\/h2><ul><li>Spain follows <em>jus sanguinis<\/em> (right of blood), not <em>jus soli<\/em> (right of soil), so <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong> do not automatically become Spanish [1].<\/li><li>Article 17.1 of the Civil Code grants nationality at birth only in narrow cases: a parent also born in Spain, stateless parents or parents whose law passes on no nationality, or unknown parentage [1].<\/li><li>The main route is Article 22.2(a): Spanish nationality by residence after one year of legal, continuous residence [1].<\/li><li>A child born in Spain to parents with residence permits can obtain a five-year residence permit; a parent must apply within six months of the birth [4].<\/li><li>Spain has dual nationality treaties with twelve Latin American countries and France; nationals of other Ibero-American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea and Portugal are exempt from renunciation [1][6].<\/li><li>Hospitals must send birth data to the Civil Registry within 72 hours; otherwise parents have 10 days to declare the birth [3].<\/li><li>The Democratic Memory Law nationality route closed on 22 October 2025 [7].<\/li><\/ul><\/div><h2>Do children born in Spain to foreign parents have dual citizenship?<\/h2><p>Spain is home to more than seven million foreign nationals, and many of them raise families here [9].<\/p><p>For parents who are not Spanish, one of the most common legal questions is deceptively simple: what nationality does my child have?<\/p><p>The answer for <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong> depends on Spanish law, the parents&#8217; home-country laws and the family&#8217;s residence status.<\/p><p>This guide sets out the legal framework, the routes to Spanish nationality and what the dual nationality rules mean in practice, particularly for families from the United Kingdom, the United States and other non-Ibero-American countries.<\/p><div style=\"border-left:4px solid #708473; background-color:#f1f8f1; padding:16px 20px; margin:24px 0;\"><p style=\"margin:0;\">Questions about residence, the NIE, the TIE or family reunification? Our <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/immigration-law\/\">immigration law team in Valencia<\/a> advises international families in English, French, Spanish and Russian.<\/p><\/div><blockquote style=\"border-left:4px solid #708473; background:#f5f7f5; padding:15px 20px; margin:24px 0;\"><p><strong>81,339 of the 318,005 babies<\/strong> born in Spain in 2024 had a mother of foreign nationality, 25.6% of all births, according to the National Statistics Institute (INE) [8].<\/p><\/blockquote><h2>The foundational principle: jus sanguinis, not jus soli<\/h2><p>Spanish nationality law is set out in Articles 17 to 28 of the Civil Code [1].<\/p><p>The foundational rule is <em>jus sanguinis<\/em>, the right of blood.<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26418 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/children-born-in-spain-nationality.webp\" alt=\"Children born in Spain to foreign parents and the Spanish nationality rules\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/children-born-in-spain-nationality.webp 1280w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/children-born-in-spain-nationality-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/children-born-in-spain-nationality-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/children-born-in-spain-nationality-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p><p>A child with at least one Spanish parent is Spanish by origin, wherever the birth takes place.<\/p><p>Spain does not follow <em>jus soli<\/em>, the principle used in the United States, Canada and most of Latin America, under which any child born on national territory acquires that country&#8217;s nationality.<\/p><p>A British, Dutch or Nigerian couple whose baby is born in a hospital in Valencia will not have a Spanish child simply because the birth took place in Spain.<\/p><p>The child will hold the nationality passed on by the parents&#8217; home countries.<\/p><h3>Why this matters for international families in Valencia<\/h3><p>The Valencian Community is one of the most internationally diverse regions in Spain.<\/p><p>Many <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong> grow up entirely here, attend Spanish schools and speak Spanish as their first language.<\/p><p>For them, nationality affects the right to work in the EU, freedom of movement, <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/writing-spanish-will\/\">inheritance planning<\/a>, tax obligations and, in some countries, military service.<\/p><h2>When Spanish nationality is granted automatically at birth<\/h2><p>Article 17.1 of the Civil Code lists every case in which a child is Spanish by origin [1].<\/p><table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:24px 0;\"><thead><tr><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Legal basis<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Condition<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Practical example<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Art. 17.1(a)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">At least one parent is Spanish<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Spanish mother and British father: the child is Spanish by origin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Art. 17.1(b)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Born in Spain to foreign parents, at least one of whom was also born in Spain (children of foreign diplomats excluded)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Two Colombian parents, one born in Spain: the child is Spanish by origin<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Art. 17.1(c)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Born in Spain to stateless parents, or where neither parent&#8217;s law gives the child a nationality<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Parents from countries that do not pass nationality to children born abroad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Art. 17.1(d)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Born in Spain with undetermined parentage<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Foundlings or children with no established legal parentage<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>For most <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong> from the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, North America, Russia or <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/moving-to-spain-scandinavian-expats\/\">Scandinavia<\/a>, none of these routes applies at birth.<\/p><p>Any path to Spanish nationality will require a formal application.<\/p><h3>The statelessness prevention rule<\/h3><p>Article 17.1(c) applies only when the law of neither parent&#8217;s country gives the child a nationality at birth [1].<\/p><p>It exists to prevent a child from having no nationality at all.<\/p><p>British, American, German, Dutch and most European nationals pass their nationality to children born abroad, so the rule does not apply to them.<\/p><p>A child born in Valencia to two British parents is British from birth, and Article 17.1(c) plays no role.<\/p><h2>The one-year residence route under Article 22.2(a)<\/h2><p>For <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong> who are not Spanish at birth, the Civil Code reduces the standard ten-year residence requirement to one year for anyone born in Spain [1].<\/p><p>The residence must be legal, continuous and immediately before the application [1].<\/p><h3>Residence for children born in Spain<\/h3><p>The one-year clock does not start at birth; it starts when the child obtains legal residence.<\/p><p>Under Article 159 of Royal Decree 1155\/2024, a child born in Spain to foreign parents who hold residence permits can obtain a temporary residence permit as an accompanied minor born in Spain [4].<\/p><p>A parent applies in person within six months of the birth, and the permit is granted for five years [4].<\/p><p>A Supreme Court judgment of 8 July 2026, published in the BOE on 22 September 2026, annulled part of Article 159.1; the test is now habitual, effective residence in Spain, and justified temporary absences no longer disqualify the child [5].<\/p><p>If neither parent has legal status, the child cannot obtain residence until the parents&#8217; situation is resolved, which makes choosing the right <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/residency-in-spain\/\">route to legal residency in Spain<\/a> an early priority.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26419 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/family-vacation-spain-parent-child.webp\" alt=\"Parent and child in Spain planning a Spanish nationality application\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/family-vacation-spain-parent-child.webp 1280w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/family-vacation-spain-parent-child-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/family-vacation-spain-parent-child-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/family-vacation-spain-parent-child-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p><h3>The procedure step by step<\/h3><table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:24px 0;\"><thead><tr><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Step<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">What happens<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Legal deadline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">1. Birth registration<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">The hospital sends the birth to the Civil Registry; <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/registering-birth-child-spain-foreigner\/\">parents check the registration<\/a><\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">72 hours for the hospital; 10 days for parents if it did not [3]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">2. Child&#8217;s residence permit<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">A parent applies for the accompanied-minor permit<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Within 6 months of the birth [4]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">3. TIE card<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Fingerprinting and card request at the police<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Within 1 month of the grant [4]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">4. Municipal registration<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/empadronamiento-spain\/\">Empadronamiento<\/a> at the town hall<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">As soon as possible<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">5. One year of legal residence<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Continuous residence, without gaps in the permit<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">12 months [1]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">6. Nationality application<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Filed with the Ministry of Justice, usually online<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Decision due within 1 year; no answer means refusal [10]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">7. Oath and registration<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Oath (from age 14) and entry in the Civil Registry<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Within 180 days of notification, or the grant lapses [1]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3>Who files the application?<\/h3><p>Under Article 21.3 of the Civil Code, a child over 14 applies personally, assisted by a legal representative, while for a child under 14 the legal representative applies [1].<\/p><p>Applicants under 18 are exempt from the DELE A2 Spanish exam and the CCSE civic knowledge test; children of school age submit a school certificate instead [10][11].<\/p><p>An adult born in Spain who never applied can still use the one-year route but must normally pass both tests, unless excused for having completed compulsory secondary education in Spain [11].<\/p><h3>Documents usually required<\/h3><ul><li>Spanish birth certificate from the Civil Registry.<\/li><li>Parents&#8217; passports and NIE or TIE documents.<\/li><li>The child&#8217;s residence card.<\/li><li>Empadronamiento certificate.<\/li><li>For school-age children, a certificate from the school.<\/li><li>Foreign documents with an apostille and a sworn Spanish translation.<\/li><\/ul><div style=\"border-left:4px solid #708473; background-color:#f1f8f1; padding:16px 20px; margin:24px 0;\"><p style=\"margin:0;\">Foreign documents need both an apostille and a sworn translation; our guide to the <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/apostille-sworn-translation-spain\/\">legalisation of UK and foreign documents<\/a> explains the requirements.<\/p><\/div><blockquote style=\"border-left:4px solid #708473; background:#f5f7f5; padding:15px 20px; margin:24px 0;\"><p>Spain granted <strong>221,176 nationalities by residence<\/strong> in 2025, according to the Permanent Immigration Observatory of the Ministry of Inclusion [12].<\/p><\/blockquote><h2>What happens at 18: the dual nationality question<\/h2><p>This is the area that causes most confusion for <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong> who naturalise as Spanish.<\/p><p>Spain does not accept dual nationality with most countries, but the practical result depends on the law of the child&#8217;s other country.<\/p><h3>Spain&#8217;s dual nationality framework<\/h3><p>Article 11.3 of the Spanish Constitution allows dual nationality treaties with Ibero-American countries and countries with a special historical link to Spain.<\/p><table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:24px 0;\"><thead><tr><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Group<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Countries<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Renunciation required?<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Bilateral dual nationality treaty<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Peru and France (in force since 1 April 2022)<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">No [6]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Exempt under Articles 23 and 24 of the Civil Code, without a treaty<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Other Ibero-American countries (such as Mexico, Uruguay, Venezuela or Cuba), Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, Portugal, and people of Sephardic origin<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">No [1]<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">All other countries, including the UK, the USA, Germany, the Netherlands, Russia and Ukraine<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">No treaty or exemption<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Yes, at the oath under Spanish law [1]<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h3>What renunciation means in practice<\/h3><p>When a child takes the oath to become Spanish by residence, Spanish law requires a declaration renouncing the previous nationality [1].<\/p><p>Whether that declaration ends the other nationality depends on the other country&#8217;s law.<\/p><p>British citizenship ends only when the Home Office, after an application made online or with form RN, issues a declaration of renunciation; the applicant must be 18 or over or married [13].<\/p><p>A declaration signed at the Spanish Civil Registry does not meet that requirement.<\/p><p>As a result, many British, American and German nationals who become Spanish keep their other passport in practice, while Spain treats them only as Spanish on its territory.<\/p><h3>Children who are Spanish by origin<\/h3><p>Children who are Spanish by origin under Article 17 are in a stronger position, because Article 11.2 of the Constitution provides that no Spaniard by origin may be deprived of nationality.<\/p><p>A child who is Spanish by origin and also holds another nationality by descent does not have to choose at 18.<\/p><p>One exception applies: under Article 24.3 of the Civil Code, a person born and living abroad who is Spanish through a parent also born abroad loses Spanish nationality unless they declare their wish to keep it within three years of reaching adulthood [1].<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-26420 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hyperrealistic-spanish-origin-child-portrait.webp\" alt=\"Child of Spanish origin with dual nationality\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hyperrealistic-spanish-origin-child-portrait.webp 1280w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hyperrealistic-spanish-origin-child-portrait-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hyperrealistic-spanish-origin-child-portrait-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/hyperrealistic-spanish-origin-child-portrait-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/p><h2>Birth registration and why it matters<\/h2><p>Every birth in Spain must be entered in the Civil Registry, including those of <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong>.<\/p><p>Under Law 20\/2011, hospitals must send the birth data within 72 hours; where they do not, parents have 10 days to declare the birth, after which a registry procedure is needed [3].<\/p><p>Parents should confirm that the registration has been completed rather than assume it.<\/p><p>The registration underpins the child&#8217;s residence permit, any later nationality application and access to public services.<\/p><p>Foreign parents should also register the birth with their own consulate; for British families, the UK passport application is a separate step from the Spanish registration.<\/p><div style=\"border-left:4px solid #708473; background-color:#f1f8f1; padding:16px 20px; margin:24px 0;\"><p style=\"margin:0;\">Post-Brexit residence rules affect the whole family, including children; our guide to the <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/british-expats-brexit\/\">obligations facing British expats after Brexit<\/a> covers TIE applications and residence documents.<\/p><\/div><h2>Three family profiles in Valencia<\/h2><p>The table below shows how the rules apply to three common situations for <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong> in the Valencian Community.<\/p><table style=\"width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:24px 0;\"><thead><tr><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Family profile<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Nationality at birth<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Earliest route to Spanish nationality<\/th><th style=\"background-color:#708473; color:#ffffff; padding:10px 14px; text-align:left;\">Two passports?<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Two British parents living legally in Valencia<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">British<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Art. 22.2(a): after 1 year of legal residence<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">In practice yes, as the UK does not recognise the Spanish renunciation; formally no under Spanish law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Spanish mother and British father<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Spanish by origin and British by descent<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Already Spanish: no application needed<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px; border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;\">Yes in practice; Spanish nationality of origin is protected<\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Two Colombian parents living legally in Valencia<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Colombian<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Art. 22.2(a): after 1 year of legal residence<\/td><td style=\"padding:10px 14px;\">Yes, formally: Colombia has a dual nationality treaty with Spain<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><h2>Residence, schooling and keeping the clock running<\/h2><p>Children enrolled in Spanish schools usually complete their year of legal residence early in primary school, provided the family&#8217;s documents are in order.<\/p><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/spanish-school-system-expat-children\/\">Spanish school system for expat children<\/a> relies on empadronamiento, which is also needed for the nationality application.<\/p><p>A lapse in the child&#8217;s residence permit breaks the continuity of legal residence and can restart the one-year period.<\/p><p>Parents&#8217; own permits matter too: for example, renewing non-lucrative residence now requires more than 183 days of actual residence per year under Article 64 of Royal Decree 1155\/2024, as explained in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/renewal-non-lucrative-residence-permit-spain\/\">renewing a non-lucrative residence permit<\/a> [4].<\/p><h2>Keeping Spanish nationality once acquired<\/h2><p>Nationality acquired by residence can be lost in limited cases set out in the Civil Code [1].<\/p><p>Under Article 25.1(a), a Spaniard who is not Spanish by origin loses Spanish nationality if they use only the renounced nationality for three years [1].<\/p><p>Under Article 24.1, an adult living abroad who voluntarily acquires another nationality loses Spanish nationality after three years unless they declare their wish to keep it at the Civil Registry or a consulate; nationals of the exempt countries listed above are not affected [1].<\/p><p>For <strong>children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/strong> who naturalise and later move abroad as adults, these deadlines are worth planning for.<\/p><blockquote style=\"border-left:4px solid #708473; background:#f5f7f5; padding:15px 20px; margin:24px 0;\"><p>Spain had <strong>7,437,543 foreign nationals<\/strong> on 1 July 2026, and 10,291,807 residents born abroad, out of a population of 49,801,559, according to the INE [9].<\/p><\/blockquote><div style=\"background-color:#f5f7f5; padding:24px 28px; margin:32px 0; border-radius:6px;\"><h2 style=\"margin-top:0;\">Speak to our immigration lawyers about your child&#8217;s nationality<\/h2><p>Contact our legal team for personalised guidance on your case.<\/p><p>We advise international families on residence permits, nationality applications and dual nationality from our office in Valencia, in English, French, Spanish and Russian.<\/p><p><strong>Email:<\/strong> <a href=\"mailto:felix.delaguia@delaguialuzon.com\">felix.delaguia@delaguialuzon.com<\/a><br><strong>Phone:<\/strong> <a href=\"tel:+34963741657\">+34 963 74 16 57<\/a><br><strong>Office:<\/strong> Avinguda Regne de Val\u00e8ncia, 6, 1\u00ba-2\u00ba, 46005 Valencia<\/p><\/div><h2>Frequently asked questions about children born in Spain to foreign parents<\/h2><h3>Does my child automatically become Spanish if born in a Spanish hospital?<\/h3><p>No.<\/p><p>Spain does not grant nationality based only on place of birth; the child holds the parents&#8217; nationality unless one of the Article 17.1 exceptions applies.<\/p><h3>My child was born in Valencia and has lived here for two years. Can we apply now?<\/h3><p>Yes, if the child has held legal residence continuously for at least one year.<\/p><p>The period runs from the date legal residence was granted, not from the date of birth.<\/p><h3>How do we get a residence permit for a baby born in Spain?<\/h3><p>If a parent holds a residence permit, a parent applies in person for the child&#8217;s permit within six months of the birth.<\/p><p>The permit is granted for five years under Article 159 of Royal Decree 1155\/2024.<\/p><h3>We are British. Does our child have to give up their British passport?<\/h3><p>Spanish law requires a declaration of renunciation at the oath.<\/p><p>British citizenship, however, ends only through a declaration of renunciation issued by the Home Office, so in practice the child usually keeps the British passport.<\/p><h3>One of our child&#8217;s grandparents was Spanish. Does that help?<\/h3><p>Possibly, but the Democratic Memory Law route for descendants closed on 22 October 2025.<\/p><p>Other options, such as the right of option under Article 20 of the Civil Code, depend on the family&#8217;s exact circumstances.<\/p><h3>We are Colombian. Can our child hold both nationalities?<\/h3><p>Yes.<\/p><p>Colombia has a dual nationality treaty with Spain, so no renunciation is required.<\/p><h3>Can we start the nationality process before the child turns one?<\/h3><p>No.<\/p><p>The application can only be filed once the child has completed one year of legal residence.<\/p><h3>What if the birth was not registered within 72 hours?<\/h3><p>The 72-hour deadline applies to the hospital.<\/p><p>If the hospital did not send the data, parents have 10 days to declare the birth; after that, a registry procedure is required.<\/p><h3>Does my child need to pass the DELE and CCSE exams?<\/h3><p>No, applicants under 18 are exempt.<\/p><p>Children of school age submit a school certificate instead.<\/p><h3>How long does the Ministry of Justice take to decide?<\/h3><p>The legal deadline is one year from the application.<\/p><p>If no decision is notified in that time, the application is treated as refused, which can then be challenged.<\/p><h2>References<\/h2><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1889-4763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\">Spanish Civil Code, Articles 17 to 28 (BOE consolidated text)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-1978-31229\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\">Spanish Constitution, Article 11 (BOE)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-12628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\">Law 20\/2011, of 21 July, on the Civil Registry, Articles 46 and 47 (BOE)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2024-24099\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\">Royal Decree 1155\/2024, Articles 64 and 159 (BOE)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/diario_boe\/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2026-19632\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\">Supreme Court judgment of 8 July 2026 on Article 159 of Royal Decree 1155\/2024 (BOE, 22 September 2026)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2022-4916\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\">Dual nationality convention between Spain and France (BOE, 29 March 2022)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.exteriores.gob.es\/Embajadas\/budapest\/es\/Comunicacion\/Noticias\/Paginas\/Articulos\/20251027_NOT1.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Ministry of Foreign Affairs: end of the Democratic Memory Law nationality window<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ine.es\/dyngs\/Prensa\/MNP2024.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">INE: natural population movement 2024<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ine.es\/dyngs\/Prensa\/ECP2T26.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">INE: continuous population statistics, 1 July 2026<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-12047\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"dofollow noopener\">Royal Decree 1004\/2015 on the nationality by residence procedure (BOE)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/examenes.cervantes.es\/es\/dudas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Instituto Cervantes: DELE and CCSE for nationality applications<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inclusion.gob.es\/documents\/3976286\/3995073\/concesiones_nacionalidad_nota.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Permanent Immigration Observatory: nationality grants by residence 2025<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/renounce-british-nationality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">GOV.UK: renounce your British nationality<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3a71c58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"d3a71c58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script 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https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/residency-in-spain-1-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Ways to obtain residency in Spain: Different pathways explained<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/types-taxes-spain\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"319\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/spanish-tax-rates.jpg\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"Spanish tax rates\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/spanish-tax-rates.jpg 795w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/spanish-tax-rates-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/spanish-tax-rates-768x511.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">What are the different types of taxes in Spain?<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/investing-in-spain\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/investing-in-spain.jpg\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"investing in spain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/investing-in-spain.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/investing-in-spain-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/investing-in-spain-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Property investing in Spain<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/ees-etias-uk-nationals-spain\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"328\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/EES-and-ETIAS-for-UK-nationals.jpg\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"EES and ETIAS for UK nationals\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/EES-and-ETIAS-for-UK-nationals.jpg 795w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/EES-and-ETIAS-for-UK-nationals-300x205.jpg 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/EES-and-ETIAS-for-UK-nationals-768x526.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">EES and ETIAS for UK nationals visiting Spain: 2026 border-crossing guide<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/registering-birth-child-spain-foreigner\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"320\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/registering-a-birth-in-Spain-as-a-foreigner.jpg\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"registering a birth in Spain as a foreigner\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/registering-a-birth-in-Spain-as-a-foreigner.jpg 795w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/registering-a-birth-in-Spain-as-a-foreigner-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/registering-a-birth-in-Spain-as-a-foreigner-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Registering the birth of a child in Spain as a foreigner<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class=\"lwrp-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/blog\/dismissal-in-spain\/\" class=\"lwrp-list-link\"><img width=\"480\" height=\"321\" src=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Dismissal-in-Spain.jpg\" class=\"attachment-480x480 size-480x480 wp-post-image\" alt=\"Dismissal in Spain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Dismissal-in-Spain.jpg 795w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Dismissal-in-Spain-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/Dismissal-in-Spain-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><br><span class=\"lwrp-list-link-title-text\">Dismissal in Spain: A 2026 guide for international employers and employees<\/span><\/a><\/div>                <\/div>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Children born in Spain to foreign parents do not become Spanish automatically. This 2026 guide explains Article 17 of the Civil Code, the five-year residence permit for babies born in Spain, the one-year nationality route, dual nationality rules for British families and the new Supreme Court ruling. Contact our Valencia immigration lawyers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":26409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mbp_gutenberg_autopost":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-26401","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-labour-law"],"permalink_manager":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=26401"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28154,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/26401\/revisions\/28154"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26409"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=26401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=26401"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/delaguialuzon.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=26401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}